Defensiveness Versus Remediation: Self-Theories and Modes of Self-Esteem Maintenance  

Oleh:

Nussbaum, A. David ; Dweck, Carol S.

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (http://journals.sagepub.com/home/pspc) vol. 34 no. 5 (May 2008), page 599-612.
Topik: Defensiveness; Remediation; Self-Esteem; Theories of Intelligence
Fulltext: 599.pdf (275.98KB)

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Perpustakaan Pusat (Semanggi) Nomor Panggil: PP45.34 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Isi artikel

How people maintain and repair their self-esteem has been a topic of widespread interest. In this article, the authors ask, What determines whether people will use direct, remedial actions, or defensive actions? In three studies, they tested the hypothesis that a belief in fixed intelligence (entity theory) would produce defensiveness, whereas a belief in improvable intelligence (incremental theory) would foster remediation. In each study, participants assigned to the entity condition opted for defensive self-esteem repair (downward comparison in Studies 1 and 3; a tutorial on already mastered material in Study 2), but those in the incremental condition opted for self-improvement (upward comparison in Studies 1 and 3; a tutorial on unmastered material in Study 2). Experiment 3 also linked these strategies to self-esteem repair; remedial strategies were the most effective in recovering lost self-esteem for those in the incremental condition, whereas defensive strategies were most effective for those in the entity condition.

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