| Volcanism is a predominant process on the terrestrial planets, and studies of physical volcanologic processes provide fundamental insight into the evolution of a planet's surface and interior. This work combines theoretical modeling, field observations, and studies of planetary surfaces in an integrated approach to understanding the mechanical and dynamic processes associated with volcanism. By understanding the basic dynamics associated with terrestrial volcanic processes, we hope to better understand the evolution of other planetary surfaces for which only remote sensing data are available. The focus of this work is the physics of volcanism in space and time, with an emphasis on regions that are dominated by volcanism such as the Hawaiian islands, and on studies of lava flow emplacement. Applying our knowledge of volcanic processes on Earth to studies of Venusian geology and geophysics is also important for this investigation because volcanism has been a primary process in creating and modifying landforms on that planet. This analysis of geophysical and fluid dynamic processes associated with physical volcanology first focuses on the relationship between volcanic and tectonic processes and the associated stress environments. Specifically, through analytical modeling we investigate the regional stresses associated with Bell Regio, a volcanic highland on Venus, and structural features believed to be a consequence of lithospheric flexure due to volcanic loading. The relationship between the tectonic features surrounding a volcanic edifice and stresses associated with magma chamber inflation are also examined through finite element analysis. The implications of a change in volcanic style and lithospheric thickness over time are discussed. Next, factors that affect the dynamics of lava flow emplacement are examined through a combination ot theoretical modeling and field measurements. Downflow changes in rheology and lava channel formation under conditions of varying crossflow topography are examined. Finally, we examine theoretically the effects of small and intermediate scale topography on lava flow dynamics and the propagation of these effects to the flow surface. The overall goal in this combination of studies is to gain a better understanding of the underlying physics and dynamics associated with various volcanic processes so that better models of the formation and evolution of volcanic environments on Earth and the other terrestrial planets can be developed. |