Innovation By User Communities : Learning From Open-Source Software  

Oleh:

Hippel, Eric von

Jenis: Article from Bulletin/Magazine - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: Sloan: Management Review vol. 42 no. 4 (2001), page 82-87.
Topik: software; innovation; communities; learning; open - source; softwae

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Perpustakaan Pusat (Semanggi) Nomor Panggil: SS27.3 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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If the open - source software movement is any harbinger of future trends, manufacturing companies need to be concerned not only about what they produce, but also about what their customers might produce without them. What can a group of loosely organized users accomplish without product developers, factories and marketing departments ? More than most manufacturers would care to admit, points out von Hippel, who is a professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management. One notable example comes from the world of open - source software. Developed by a pioneering Internet user and freely shared with other Web users, Apache Web - server software is today used to run some 60 % of the world's Web sites, despite the existence of equivalent commercial products available from corporate giants such as Microsoft and Netscape. This phenomenon of user innovation and development communities - aggregations of individuals who share a common need or desire and exert a collective effort to fulfill it independently of any commercial enterprise - extends beyond software to more flamboyant arenas. The author describes how the sport of high - performance windsurfing, for example, originated with a band of diehard enthusiasts who sought a way to hang onto their sailboards while airborne. As a result of their risk taking and creativity, a large percentage of the million - plus windsurfers aloft today uses boards equipped with user - designed modifications that accommodate airborne acrobatics.

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