Organizational Constraints on The Formation of Elementary School Classes  

Oleh:

Burns, Robert B. ; Mason, Dewayne A.

Jenis: Article from Journal - ilmiah internasional
Dalam koleksi: American Journal of Education vol. 103 no. 2 (Feb. 1995), page 185-212.
Topik: schools; organizational; constraints; formation; elementary school; classes

Ketersediaan

Perpustakaan Pusat (Semanggi) Nomor Panggil: AA37.5 Non-tandon: 1 (dapat dipinjam: 0) Tandon: tidak ada

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Isi artikel

This study describes how principals assign teachers and students to single - grade and combination classes. Combination classes are a distinct type of multigrade class formed as a result of enrollment imbalances or shortages in which students from two or more adjacent grade levels are taught for most or all of the day by a single teacher. Ninety principals from 13 school districts were interviewed by phone about their procedures for allocating teachers and students to classes. Fifty - nine principals managed multitrack calendar schools, a form of year-round schooling in which three or four independent groups of teachers and students rotate attendance intervals and largely operate on different schedules ; 31 principals managed traditional or single - track calendar schools. Notes taken during the interviews were tabulated to form the main database of the study. Compared to student assignment procedures in single - grade classes, the strategies used by the principals included more homogeneous ability assignment and placement of more students considered independent workers in combination classes. More generally, a case is made that multitrack calendars reduce principals' flexibility to make purposive decisions about student assignment to classrooms and, therefore, reduce or remove altogether a school's ability to manipulate an important factor in classroom teaching and learning, namely, the compositional nature of classrooms.

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